The law has been relatively slow to regulate artificial intelligence, but the rules are evolving. An important question is whether an AI company can be held liable for malfunctioning AI. Ryan E. Long writes that a company's liability for its AI depends on whether a defect was present upon the AI release and whether, in the EU at least, the application is "high-risk." Artificial intelligence (AI) use has blossomed. The AI market was valued at $27.3 billion in 2019 and is projected to grow to $266.92 billion by 2026.

Welcome to AI book reviews, a series of posts that explore the latest literature on artificial intelligence. If artificial intelligence will destroy humanity, it probably won't be through killer robots and the incarnation--it will be through a thousand paper cuts. In the shadow of the immense benefits of advances in technology, the dark effects of AI algorithms are slowly creeping into different aspects of our lives, causing divide, unintentionally marginalizing groups of people, stealing our attention, and widening the gap between the wealthy and the poor. While we're already seeing and discussing many of the negative aspects of AI, not enough is being done to address them. And the reason is that we're looking in the wrong place, as futurist and Amy Webb discusses in her book The Big Nine: How the Tech Titans and Their Thinking Machines Could Warp Humanity. Many are quick to blame large tech companies for the problems caused by artificial intelligence.

In turn, Japan uses China's rare earths to produce the three chemicals mentioned above that are subsequently shipped to South Korea, Taiwan and back to China, the world's largest manufacturers of semiconductors and microchips. According to the government reports, Japan produces about 90 percent of fluorinated polyimide, about 70 percent of hydrogen fluoride and 90 percent of photoresists. This makes Japan almost a full monopolist in this type of production, making it very difficult for its consumers to find substitutes or build up enough capabilities to avoid Japan entirely. Commenting on the current tensions between Japan and South Korea experts note that Japan developed the processing technology for decades and it will take several years to replicate it.

During her freshman year, Stephanie Tena, a 16-year-old programmer, was searching the internet for coding programs and came across a website for an organization called AI4All, which runs an artificial-intelligence summer camp for high-schoolers. On the site, a group of girls her age were gathered around an autonomous car in front of the iconic arches of Stanford's campus. "AI will change the world," the text read. "Who will change AI?" How technology and globalization are changing what it means to work Read more Tena thought maybe she could. She lives in a trailer park in California's Central Valley; her mom, a Mexican immigrant from Michoacán, picks strawberries in the nearby fields.

During her freshman year, Stephanie Tena, a 16-year-old programmer, was searching the internet for coding programs and came across a website for an organization called AI4All, which runs an artificial-intelligence summer camp for high-schoolers. On the site, a group of girls her age were gathered around an autonomous car in front of the iconic arches of Stanford's campus. "AI will change the world," the text read. Tena thought maybe she could. She lives in a trailer park in California's Salinas Valley; her mom, a Mexican immigrant from Michoacán, picks strawberries in the nearby fields.*

When Katharine Rubin has a spare moment on the way to school, she helps a big-name tech company smarten up its artificial intelligence. Rubin, a 22-year-old accounting major at New York City's Baruch College, is part of a growing workforce that spends anywhere from 5 minutes to 40 hours a week increasing the I in AI. Specifically, Rubin and others provide training data for machine learning algorithms, a form of AI that can be taught from experience. For an autonomous car to recognize pedestrians and stop signs, it's typically fed thousands or millions of photos, all hand-labeled. To nail a conversation, a digital assistant needs to be told over and over when it's failed.